Name Other Names Purpose Source False Flax Camelina sativa, camelina, false flax Edible seeds sprinkled on salads, making egg substitute, extracting camelina oil(resistant to oxidation and rancidity) Ref Plant cultivated in Europe & Americas Fast green FCF Pubchem E143, Food Green 3, Green 1724 Green food dye, poorly absorbed in intestines, used in tinned peas, vegetables, jellies, sauces, bakery mixes, fish & desserts. Allowed in USA. Not approved in European Union & other countries Synthetic Fat Lipids, oils Various types of fats are added to foods as ingredients as they also serve as an essential nutrient Isolated from eggs Flavoxanthin Pubchem E161a Golden yellow food pigment used rarely in confectionary Not approved in USA or EU. Approved in Australia & new Zealand. Present in several plants, commercially made using buttercup Fennel Florence fennel, finocchio Bulb, leaves and fruits used in foods across the globe, bulb can cooked or used as garnish, soups & salads, leaves used in ethnic cuisines, fruits used in sausage, pickling, teas, fruit used as licorice powder & sweetener Native to the Mediterranean but grown all over the world Fenugreek "Greek hay" Ingredient in ethnic cuisines including leaves and seeds to make curries, stews, pita bread, relish and soups, also used in maple syrup & caramel in low concentration, flavoring agent in teas Fenugreek plant found mainly in India Ferric ammonium citrate Pubchem E381 Acidity regulator in soft drinks such as Irn-Bru, water purification, infant foods, salt and supplement Ref Synthetic, mixture of ammonia, iron and citric acid Ferrous gluconate Pubchem E579, Iron (II) gluconate, I Adds uniform black color to black olives, iron fortification in foods ron(II) salt of gluconic acid, occurs in fruit, honey and wine Ferrous lactate Pubchem E585, Iron(II) lactate Iron fortification, color retention agent, acidity regulator Iron salt of lactic acid, found in dairy products and in our own body Filé powder Gumbo filé Powder used to make gumbo(soup/stew), thickening agent, seasoning and earthy flavoring agent Spicy herb made from dried and ground leaves of sassafras tree, found in North America Five Spice powder Combination of star anise, cloves, Chinese cinnamon, Sichuan pepper, fennel seeds Used to season chicken, duck, pork and seafood and various stews and Asian cuisines Occurs in fruit and fermented foods, produced by yeast fermentation of glucose Formic acid Pubchem E236, methanoic acid Preservative and antibacterial agent, strong smell, used rarely in beverages, confectionery, baked goods and icecream Preset in ants, fruits(berries), honey and nettles, synthesized commercially Fructose Pubchem Fruit sugar, levulose, D-fructose Water soluble, used as a commercial sweetener and source of nutrient in several food products Commercially derived from sugar cane, beets and maize, found in fruits, flowers, honey and root vegetables Fumaric acid Pubchem E297 Fruit-like acid and stabilizing agent, acid in baking powder, used in beverages, making tortillas as preservatives, 'salt and vinegar' potato chips, coagulant in pudding mixes Synthesized, found in bolete mushrooms, lichen and Iceland moss
