Name Other Names Purpose Sourced Galangal Several tropical rhizomatous spices Used in traditional Asian cuisines, Polish Gorzka vodka, similar in flavor to ginger Various group of plants found in China and South East Asia Gallic acid Pubchem Trihydroxybenzoic acid Anti-oxidant used in tea formulation Produced by breakdown of tannins, found in several fruits & vegetables, chocolate, walnuts, hops, apples, teas & flax Gamma-tocopherol Pubchem E308, Vitamin E Anti-oxidant in fatty acid and prevent rancidity, low vitamin E accessibility, reduce rancidity in oils(eg. olive oil), vitamin E fortification Extracted from vegetable oils such as soybean oil Garam masala Combination of spices such as fennel, peppercorns, cloves, cinnamon, mace, cardamom, cumin & coriander Used to add spiciness to Indian cuisine Various spices Garlic gar(spear shaped)-leek Pungent plant used as a seasoning herb, condiment or spice in food recipes all over the globe, garlic oil Native plant Allium sativum to central Asia and Iran Gelatin Gelatine("stiff" or "frozen") Used to make gels, jelly, desserts, trifles, aspic, marshmellows, candy corn, confections, gummy bears, as a thickener in yogurt, cream cheese & margarine, low fat foods, dumplings, soups, calarifying juices, fining agent for wine & beer Derived from collagen of animals Gellan gum E418, gum gellan Water soluble polysaccharide vegan thickener, emulsifier & stabilizer used to make plant-based milk, vegan gummies, gelling agent, molecular gastronomy, ice-cream and sorbet, alternative to gelatin Ref Bacterial fermentation in a lily plant tissue Ginger Ginger root, ginger rhizome Peeled and used for spicing meals, candy, soda, pickles, alcoholic drinks, fragrant, snacks, ginger wine, candy, ethnic cuisines, powdered for flavoring, bread, cookies, ale, beer and crackers Plant originating from southern India, now produced in Nigeria, China, Indonesia, Nepal & Thialand Ginseng "human root" Used in energy drinks, herbal teas, ethnic dishes & soups, alcoholic beverages and liquor US FDA states ginseng "products are not generally recognized as safe and effective for referenced uses" Plant grown globally Glacial Acetic acid Pubchem Pure(100%) acetic acid Rarely used, in acidification and flavoring canned fruits, vegetables sausages and salad dressings Produced by bacteria found in water, soil, fruits, and food spoil Glucitol Pubchem E420, Sorbitol Sugar substitute, low calorie, 60% as sweet as sugar, used in drinks, ice-creams, mints, cough syrups, chewing gums, fermented by bacteria in mouth Found in stone fruits and berries of genus Sorbus Gluconate Pubchem E574, Gluconic acid, D-gluconic acid, Dextronic acid Metal sequestrant used in fruit juices and jelly mixes Synthesized, Found in fruit honey and wine Glucono delta-lactone Pubchem E575, GDL Acidifier, pickling, curing & leavening agent, white crystalline powder, used in feta cheese, adding tangy to foods, adding to water produces gluconic acid Synthesized by bacterial fermentation of sugar Glucose oxidase E1102, Notatin, GOD, GOx Preservative and oxidizing agent, creating stronger dough, reducing oxygen in food packaging, preventing browning of eggs Produced by certain fungi and insects Glucose syrup Pubchem Confectioner's glucose Thickener, sweetener & moisture retaining agent used in candies, soft drinks and fruit drinks Hydrolyzing starch extracted from maize Glutamate Pubchem E620, Glutamic acid Flavor enhancer tasteable in unbound form used in cheeses, soy sauce, sodium salt known as monosodium glutamate(MSG) Found in meats, fish, eggs, dairy, wheat protein Gluten "Glue" Group of proteins adds elasticity and chewyness to breads, pizza, bagels, high in bread flowers, lower in pastry products, used in imitation meats for protein fortificaion, making soy sauce & beer, stabilizer in ice-cream and ketchup, Occurs in endosperm of cereal grains Glycerin Pubchem E422, Glycerol, glycerine, propanetriol Colorless, odorless & sweet liquid used as solvent, humectant and sweetener in foods, thicken liqueurs, softening icing and drinks Extracted from plants, soybeans & palm, and animals, tallow Glycerol ester of wood rosin E445, ester gum, glyceryl abietate Oil soluble, water-insoluble yellow solid used in producing chewing-gum, oil infused beverages and ice-cream to suspend oil in water Synthesized from esterification of wood rosin and glycerin Glyceryl monostearate Pubchem GM,Monostearin White, odorless and sweet flaky powder emulsifier, thickener and preservative in foods such as ice-cream, bread and whipped cream Synthesized by reacting triglycerides(animal or vegetable fat) and glycerol Glycine Pubchem E640, Gly Used as a nutrient for yeast in bread to enhance bread, sweet flavoring agent Produced using gelatin extracted from animal bones Gold Pubchem E175 Gold leaf or dust used in gourmet foods, sweets, cocktails and drinks as decoration, Found embedded in various rock formations Grains of paradise Aframomum melegueta, alligator pepper, Guinea grains, fom wisa Spice used in west & north Africa, black pepper substitute, gourmet cuisines, craft beer, gins, condiment, sews, apple pies and liquors Part of ginger family Zingiberaceae Grape seed oil grapeseed oil, grape oil 421F smoke point, used in salad dressing, mayonnaise, garlic oil infusion, spiced oils, baked foods, pancakes and waffles Pressed from grape seeds, by-product of winemaking Green S Pubchem E142, Food Green S Coloring desserts, mints, gravy granules, confection, ice-cream and green canned vegetables Banned in USA, Canada, Japan, Canada & Norway, approved in EU, New Zealand & Australia. Synthetic green dye Green Tea Leaves used to make tea, beverages and select products as flavoring agent Obtained from Camellia sinensis leaves Guanylic acid E626, Guanosine monophosphate, GMP Used as a flavor enhancer in in noodles, potato chips, snacks, rice, tinned vegetables, cured meats, soup mixes Part of RNA, made from yeast extract or sardines Guar gum Pubchem E412, Guaran Increases dough yield and thickness in baked goods, thickening milk, yogurt, ice-cream, sherbets, plant milks and liquid cheeses, binding meats, stability of condiments, thickening canned & dried soups Exracted from guar beans grown in India, Pakistan, USA, Australia & Africa Guaranine Pubchem Caffeine, methyltheobromine Stimulant, cognitive & physical performance booster Extracted from coffee beans from coffee fruit Gum arabic Pubchem E414, Gum acacia, acacia gum, gum sudani, Indian gum Stabilizer, emulsifier & thickening agent in candy, icings, chewing gum, soft drinks, syrups, cocktails, fermented in colon as a prebiotic Extracted from Acacia senegal cultivated and found in Arabia, parts of Africa and West Asia Gum guaicum E241, E314, guaiac resin Used as an antioxidant and preservative in several products Ref Resin produced from tree Guaiacum officinal
