Name Other Names Purpose Source 5 Vanilla Bourbon/Madagascar vanilla, Mexican vanilla, Tahitian vanilla, West Indian vanilla Flavoring and aromatic agent. Used as whole pods, extracts in alcohol, powder with bulking agents, and vanilla sugars. Used in cooking, baked goods, beverages, confectionery, candies, condiments, cookies, cakes, ice-cream and chocolate. The plant is primarily produced in Madagascar, Indonesia, China and Mexico Vanillin Methyl vanillin, ethylvanillin Used to flavor foods, drinks, ice-creams, chocolate, baked goods, confections and various foods to replace vanilla demand and pricing. Prominently found in vanilla pods and aged oak wine barrels. Chemically synthesized for commercial purposes or extracted from cured vanilla seed pods Vegetable carbon E152, Acetylene black, channel black, furnace black Black coloring agent used in the food and beverage packaging Certain rules and restrictions may apply to its use depending on the country Synthetic, obtained from vegetables Vinegar Pubchem “sour wine” Used in sauces, mustard, ketchup, mayonnaise, chutneys, condiments, marinades, soups, drinks, and cooking Produced by fermentation using fruits, grains, alcoholic drinks, cane, palm and other materials Violaxanthin E161e An Orange and yellow pigment used as a food coloring. Not approved in the USA and UK. Banned in Australia and New Zealand. Found in several plants(eg. pansies) Vitamin A Pubchem Retinol Used in supplements or to fortify foods. Fat-soluble. Found in various foods such as fish, dairy and meat Vitamin B1 Thiamin, aneurine Used in supplements or to fortify foods. Water-soluble vitamin. Found in various foods such as grains, legumes, meat and fish Vitamin B2 Riboflavin Used in supplements or to fortify foods.Water-soluble vitamin. Found in various foods such as eggs, leafy vegetables, cheese, legumes, meats, almonds, organ meats, and milk Vitamin B3 Pubchem Niacin, bionic, Nicotinic acid Used in supplements or to fortify foods. Water-soluble vitamin. Found in various foods such as tuna, turkey, pork, seafood, veal, peppers, mushrooms, seeds, potato, whole grains Vitamin B5 Pantothenic acid Used in supplements or to fortify foods. Water-soluble vitamin. Found in various foods such as pork, turkey, beef, dark chocolate, potatoes, pistachios, and chickpeas Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal Used in supplements or to fortify foods.Water-soluble vitamin Found in various foods such as pork, turkey, bananas, beef, dark chocolate, pistachios, potatoes Vitamin B7 Biotin, Vitamin H, Vitamin B8 Used in supplements or to fortify foods. Water-soluble vitamin Ref Found in various foods such as chicken liver, beef, pork liver, yeast, avocado, peanuts, salmon, sunflower seeds Vitamin B9 Folate, folacin Used in supplements or to fortify foods. The manufactured form is folic acid. Water-soluble vitamin. Found in various foods such as peanuts, sunflower seeds, asparagus, spinach, walnuts, tofu, potatoes, chicken liver, cheese, eggs, salmon, yogurt, pork Vitamin B12 Cobalamin Used in supplements or to fortify foods. Essential water-soluble vitamin. Found in various foods such as meat, fish, eggs, algae, tempeh, and dairy. Vitamin C E300 – ascorbic acid, E301 - sodium ascorbate, E302 – calcium ascorbate, E303 – potassium ascorbate, E304 – fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid Used in supplements or to fortify foods, canned fruits, and drinks. Essential water-soluble vitamin. Found in various fruits, vegetables, and organ meats Vitamin D Cholecalciferol, ergacalciferol Used in supplements or to fortify foods, canned fruits, meal replacement bars, plant-based yogurts, and drinks. Fat-soluble. Not found in most foods but synthesized in the body. Found in fungi, mushrooms, and animals. Vitamin E Tocopherols, tocotrienols, alpha-tocopherol Used in supplements or to fortify foods in cereals, beverages, and meal replacement products. Fat-soluble. Found in various plants and animals such as almond oil, sunflower oil, pistachios, pine nuts, peanut butter, avocados, rice, fish, butter, cheese, and eggs Vitamin K Phylloquinone(Vitamin K1), menaquinone(Vitamin K2) Used in supplements or to fortify foods in cereals, beverages, and meal replacement products. Fat-soluble. Vitamin K1 found in plants such as kale, spinach, parsley, and turnips. Vitamin K2 is found mainly in eggs, dairy, meat, cheese, and yogurt.
